电磁制动器性能评价体系的建立及指标权重的确定

首次建立电磁制动器性能的评价体系,重点介绍其中指标体系的确立方案及依据,通过利用层次分析法建立评价模型并对各指标进行权重的确定和层次的总排序,取得了比较客观合理的评价结果。     

基于熵权的导流标准多目标决策分析

通过分析决策方案目标集．采用信息熵权与决策者的主观权重相结合的方法确定综合权重．运用多目标决策理论，建立导流标准多目标模糊优选模型。该模型系统地考虑了决策方案目标集的客观因素和决策者的主观因素。通过锦屏一级水电站施工导流标准的决策分析，说明该方法和模型是有效的．很好地解决了导流工程的施工强度、投资及风险损失的关系。     

基于灰色关联度变权法的浅层地下水环境质量综合评价

引入指数型白化权函数对灰色关联度变权法中的白化权函数进行修正,使得能够对地下水更合理、客观、准确地评价。将晋江市浅层地下水看作一个灰色系统,在灰色关联度变权法模型基础上,对各水质监测点不同类别的隶属度和灰色关联度作对比分析判断其评价等级以及质量优劣次序,说明灰色关联度变权法对地下水环境质量综合评价方法适当。研究区内绝大多数地区水质状况良好,影响区域地下水质量的指标主要为TDS、锰、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、氨氮、氯化物,水质较差区主要分布于沿海工业分布较密集区及引污水灌溉农田地区,说明工农业发展、人类活动加剧及海水入侵是造成本区水质变化的主要原因之一。     

轻小型移动式喷灌机组现状及其与国外的差距

节水灌溉是农业现代化的重要组成部分，发展节水灌溉、提高水的利用率是实现农业现代化的必由之路。通过对国内相关厂家的调研，初步分析了我国轻小型移动式喷灌机组的现状及其与国外先进水平之间存在的差距。在此基础上，提出了今后研究工作的具体目标。     

水质模糊评价的探讨

首先建立了利用模糊数学对水环境评价的模型，并在模糊综合评价中就各污染因素对整个水环境污染的作用进行了定量分析，进一步客观的进行评价。在计算权重时充分考虑污染因子在数量和性质方面对权重的作用。在多污染因子影响的水环境评价中，通过对污染因子按其属性及其评价目标进行了集合，这样可更真实地反映各因子之间的关系以及对整个污染的作用。     

Genetic analysis of threshability in grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]

The ease with which seeds are detached from panicles is one of the early domestication traits. Genotypes with sticky panicles are hard to thresh, and whenever threshed, the grain tends to remain attached to the glume which reduces market value and processability. This study was conducted to determine the genetic mechanisms underlying the threshability trait in sorghum. Four seed parents and eleven pollinators differing for threshability were intercrossed in Design II mating scheme and the resulting hybrids and the parents were grown in four environments. Threshability was estimated as the ratio of seed yield to panicle weight (TW) and proportion of seeds without sticky glumes (TG). Variation was significant among the entries, inbreds and hybrids with GCA for TG and TW varying markedly. Mean TG for inbred and hybrids of low threshable genotypes was not markedly different indicating that threshability trait is under the control of additive genes with dominant or partially dominant effects. Segregation analysis indicates that the TG trait may be under the control of few major genes with approximately one to three loci affecting the trait.     

氮肥形态及氮钾施用措施对水稻生长 和养分吸收的影响

为探明不同氮（NH4-N和NO3-N）源下，不同施钾水平及氮钾施用次序对水稻生长和养分吸收的影响，进行了温室盆栽试验。结果表明：在水稻生长早期（20d左右时），以NO3-N作为N源时水稻的生物产量和氮钾养分吸收量均显著高于NH4-N作N源的处理，但随着生长时期的延长，NH4-N源更能促进水稻的生长和养分吸收，因此，从整个营养生长时期来讲，铵态氮肥作为水稻N源更具有优越性。结果同时表明，氮肥施用效果与钾肥的施用水平有很大关系，在一般盆栽试验氮肥用量（纯N用量0.15 g/kg）水平下，施钾（K2O）量达到0.51g/kg时会导致水稻的生长及养分吸收量显著下降。铵钾施用次序对水稻的营养生长及养分吸收均有一定的影响，特别是施钾量较高时，铵钾在土壤中的交互作用会导致水稻因氮素供应不足而影响生长和养分吸收。     

Design of Double Layer Torsional Reticulated Shell Using Back- Propagation Neural Network

In this paper artificial neural networks are used for design of large span double layer torsional reticulated shell. The torsional reticulated shells with spans varying between 50.0 - 80.0m are considered, Back -propagation algorithm is employed for training efficient neural networks for evaluation of the maximum deflection, weight and design of double layer torsional reticulated shell. A special method is developed for data ordering to reduce the nonlinearity of data and to increase the speed of training. This approach also provides the necessary stability. It shows that it is feasible to design double layer reticulated shell with artificial neural networks.     

‘扬州鹅’及其杂交配套组合体质量、体尺和羽绒产量测定及相关分析

为研究‘扬州鹅’及其杂交配套组合体重和体尺对羽绒产量的影响,为扬州鹅的选育提供依据,以70日龄罗扬鹅(L×Y)、卡扬鹅(K×Y)、浙扬鹅(Z×Y)和扬扬鹅(Y×Y)4个鹅群体为试验素材,测定其70日龄体质量、体尺及产绒性能并进行相关分析。结果表明:这种经济杂交方法不同程度的地提高了体重、体尺与产绒量。3个杂交配套组合的体重、半潜水长与胸宽均不同程度的大于对照组Y×Y组合,说明杂交可以在一定程度上提高体重与一些体尺性状;3个杂交组合的羽绒总重显著高于对照组Y×Y组合(P0.05),其中L×Y组合羽绒总重最大为144.71 g;L×Y组合与K×Y组合正羽重显著高于Z×Y组合与对照组Y×Y组合(P0.05);L×Y组合与Z×Y组合绒羽重显著高于K×Y组合与对照组Y×Y组合(P0.05)。通过体尺、体重与产绒性能关联分析,体重、半潜水长和胸深对产绒性能影响较大,相关性最高,体重和半潜水长与正羽重、绒羽重和羽绒总重均呈极显著正相关(P0.01)。由此可见,这种经济杂交方法可以提高了鹅的羽绒产量,而且体重和体尺与正羽重、绒羽重和羽绒总重呈不同程度的相关性。     

Improvement of large-seeded common bean cultivars under sustainable cropping systems in Spain

Approaches are needed to broaden the genetic base and improve earliness and yield potential of large-seeded beans under sustainable cropping systems. The objective of this research was to develop adapted dwarf bean populations having a commercial seed quality and yield suitable for the production in the South of Europe. The original base populations were produced from crosses between genotypes within each Mesoamerica, Nueva Granada and Peru races, and between Peru and Nueva Granada, and Mesoamerica and Nueva Granada races. Visual mass selection for plant performance was practised in the F₂ and F₃ generations. In the F₄ and F₅, single plants were harvested under two cropping systems (sole cropping and intercropping with maize). From F₄, selection was based on precocity, combined with seed yield and seed commercial type. The F_4:7 selected lines from each original population were compared with their parents and five checks at four environments and two cropping systems. Differences among environments, populations, parents and checks were observed for all traits. Under intercropping with maize, there was a 50% reduction in seed yield. Yield of parents and checks belonging to Andean South American races, intraracial (Nueva Granada × Nueva Granada) and interracial (Nueva Granada × Peru) populations, was higher than that of those of Middle American origin. Intraracial crosses within large-seeded Andean South American (Peru race) and Middle American gene pools (Mesoamerica race) did not produce lines yielding more than the highest yielding parent. Only two large-seeded lines selected from crosses between small- and large-seeded gene pools out-yielded the best parent and check cultivar.